In 2024, a joint report written by Dewey Square Group’s Digital team and the Digital Democracy Institute of the Americas (DDIA) argued that inoculation can be an important aspect of large-scale disinformation countermeasure strategies. The report included academic evidence supporting inoculation; outlined best practices for forewarning, refutation, and accuracy prompts; and urged civil society organizations to use inoculation countermeasures against disinformation. 

In recent years, a growing number of organizations have moved from studying inoculation to deploying prebunking campaigns in practice, including large-scale efforts around elections and on social media. A growing body of evidence shows that well-designed inoculation interventions can meaningfully improve resilience in the face of misinformation. 

This paper serves as an update on the latest studies, spotlighting best practices as they continue to evolve. This document serves as a practitioner’s guide on how to conduct large-scale disinformation countermeasure strategies. It offers actionable guidelines for crafting inoculation messages, details the necessity of long-term planning, and outlines proven methods to deploy ongoing "booster shots" over time.  

It is written for civil society organizations, advocacy groups, news organizations, and pro-democracy institutions that run political and issue-based advocacy campaigns. You can download the full report below.